Studying Computer Science Essay -- Computer Science

Introduction Hardware can be daunting. The following is a brief look at why every computer science major should be knowledgeable in the acronyms that abound within the computer industry. Overwhelming Factors Budding computer science majors can be thankful to Ken Thompson’s desire to travel space. It was this desire that maintained a failed attempt of an operating system by a joint venture of General Electric, Bell Labs, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The operating system was named Multics and was abandoned in the late sixties, yet Ken Thompson had programmed a game he named Space Travel for Multics and it still needed an operating system on which to run. As they did not have the resources they had to run Multics at the house, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie worked together to produce what we know today as UNIX (Ritchie, 1984), yet UNIX now needed a platform upon which to run and yet again, another savior to computer science that we can be thankful for today, IBM mass-produced personal computers for use in the common household. Yet, thankfully, IBM failed at dominating the personal computer market and clones became yet another savior. Personal computers and their clones are comprised of standard, interchangeable components. Components such as Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Central Processing Unit (CPU), Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Compact Disc or Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory often referred to as CD-ROM or DVD-ROM, motherboards, Graphic Processing Unit (formerly known as video cards and now referred to as GPU), and the like are the norm for any typical computer whether they are of the desktop or laptop varieties. Form factors must also be taken into account terms such as XT, AT, ATX, mi... ...oring becomes a factor, shopping for RAM that interfaces with the Front Side Bus (FSB) at 800 MHZ or 1066MHZ becomes a factor, choosing CPU’s that are either dual-core or quad-core becomes a factor. Factors, there are many of them; one way to combat this is to educate and familiarize oneself with the acronyms and terms associated within the computing industry. If not properly armed, the factors can be overwhelming to any computer science major. Works Cited Krynin, M. (2010) UEFI – unified extensible firmware interface. Retrieved: December 9, 2010 from: http://compreviews.about.com/od/motherboards/a/UEFI.htm N.A. (2010) Desktop form factors. Retrieved: December 9, 2010 from: http://www.formfactors.org/searchproducts.asp Ritchie, D. (1984) Early unix history and evolution. Retrieved: December 8, 2010 from: http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html

Whole Foods Strategy

The company I will be presenting is Whole Foods, case number seven. Whole Foods is a supermarket chain based in Austin, Texas which emphasizes natural and organic products. As of September 2009[update], the company operates 302 stores: 291 stores in 38 U. S. states and the District of Columbia; six stores in Canada; and five stores in the United Kingdom. External assessment: There are over one hundred thousand grocery stores in the United States, with a wide variety of types. Stores range from very small neighborhood stores, to huge two hundred thousand square foot stores. Currently, the only major competitor to Whole Foods is Trader Joe's. As of 2008, they had roughly 300 stores in twenty five states are still growing. Most of their stores are located in California and the upper east coast, and some single stores spread out across the United States. Trader Joes usually has lower prices than Whole Foods, but their stores are generally smaller in size and in selection. Another supermarket that is new to the industry, but growing at a rapid pace is a Wegmans. With over 70 stores in the New York area, this store had 4. billion dollars in sales in 2008. Wegmans is consistently rated near the top of Fortunes annual list of the 100 best companies to work for. With the organic foods market growing at such a fast pace, new stores, small and large are always popping up. A couple examples include the Fresh Market chain which has 86 stores in 17 states, and the Central Markets which have 8 stores in Texas. In addition to the unique, organic centered grocery stores, companies such as Walmart, with over 100 billion dollars in sales, compete for the same customers that Whole Foods does. Kroger and Safeway round out the list of the highest grossing grocery stores in the country. Due to the economic downturn, Whole Foods has tried to lower some of its pricing to compete with all of the other growing stores in the market. SWOT: Strengths: Despite the economic downturn, Whole foods has a strong financial performance. Revenues have grown by a rate of 17 percent over last year and this increase was driven by 14 percent square footage growth, excluding the recently acquired Wild Oats locations. Whole Foods recorded sales per gross square foot of $923,an increase of approximately 7 percent over last ear. The Strong revenue growth has helped the company to pursue its expansion plans and improve its bargaining power in the market. The company has also grown through mergers and acquisitions, with approximately 32 percent of its existing square footage coming from take-over’s. In August 2007, Whole Foods merged with Wild Oats markets. Since the organic foods retailing industry is mostly comprised of small local chains, mergers have provided the company access to locations and they have retained experienced team members. The company offers a broad product selection in all its stores and its larger stores, also have catering services where customers can purchase made-to-order foods. Whole Foods emphasis on fresh food gives the company an edge over its competitors who usually just offer packaged foods; this large product portfolio allows the company to address multiple customer segments. Weaknesses: The company has a weak international operation with just three stores in Canada, and six in the UK. The company’s operations in the UK and Canada are not yet large enough in purchasing and distribution, resulting in relatively high product prices. Also, Whole Foods relies heavily on word-of-mouth publicity, which is a disadvantage in comparison to its competitors who use print, television and online media. The company spends small amounts on advertising and marketing compared to its competitors. In 2007, the company spent 0. 5% of its total revenues on advertising. Opportunities: Natural and organic food products are one of the fastest growing categories in food retailing. There is growth in the demand for organic foods because of the increasing preferences among consumers for healthy food. The US organic food market grew by 12. 3% last year to reach a value of $15. 9 billion and is expected to hit 24 billion this year. Although organic products represent just about 2% of the total food and beverage sales in the US, the market is growing approximately 20% annually. More consumers are preferring natural, fat-free and healthy food products. Food items containing trans-fat are losing market share to low calorie, low fat, natural and organic products. Increasing customer preference for organic foods is likely to impact the company’s sales, given its leading market position in the organic grocery segment. Threats: Whole Foods’ competitors include natural foods supermarkets, specialty supermarkets, warehouse membership stores, small specialty stores and restaurants. In addition, some traditional and specialty supermarkets are also expanding more aggressively in marketing a range of organic foods, thereby competing directly with Whole Foods for products, customers and locations. For example, Wal-Mart announced that it will focus on the organic segment. They aim to become the low-price leader in organics, not just in food but clothing, electronics and other household products. Wal-Mart has already doubled its organic range in fresh produce, dairy and dry food items during 2006. Some of these competitors have greater financial or marketing resources than Whole Foods, and may be able to provide greater resources to promoting and selling their products. Increased competition may have an adverse effect on profitability as the result of lower sales, lower gross profits and/or greater operating costs such as marketing. Discussion of Strategic Alternatives: Faced with unprecedented economic challenges and numerous competitors, Whole Foods needs to take an aggressive approach to offset any challenges. By anticipating continued interest in healthy eating, Whole Foods should target children as their new customer base with the development of an organic line of products designed for children. With increased competition and economic conditions in the state they are, Whole Foods needs to expand their marketing strategy towards a more broader, interactive one. The use of Facebook and Twitter could be useful tools on the local, and global level to communicate with current and future customers. Whole Foods needs to also continue its commitment to the environment. Expanding on already in place programs, such as eliminating disposable plastic bags, charitable donations and green power use, Whole Foods should take part in programs that promote animal welfare on farms and ranches. Value perception is one of the most important strategies that needs to be focused on if Whole Foods is going to overcome competing with low cost competition . Providing coupons, budget conscious recipes, and money saving tips are what customers value. A in store value guide can help customers locate the best deals in the store. Along with a friendly and educated staff, these strategic alternatives can provide Whole Foods with the tools necessary to overcome the challenges it currently faces.

The Significance of the Sino-Soviet Confrontation

Group A-Question 2: Discuss the significance of the Sino-Soviet confrontation of 1960s–1980s for the Cold War dynamics in the Asia-Pacific. The Sino-Soviet confrontation of the 1960’s-1980’s had a significant impact on the Cold War dynamics of the Asia-Pacific through a number of factors. This period was a significant time of the twentieth century. The two largest communist states of the world, the PRC (Peoples Republic of China), led by Mao Zedong and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), led by Nikita Khrushchev; ceased their strong ties through the Sino Soviet Split and then confrontation. A critical analysis of the Sino-Soviet split and confrontation will administer a greater understanding of the various alliances that formed around the Asia-Pacific region. This includes the alliance of SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organisation), as well those that formed during conflicts between the 1960’s and 1980’s. The two decades, in which the Sino-Soviet relationship was on a brink of a border war, was a time filled with many conflicts, of particular note, the Vietnam War. This conflict w as especially significant and will be discussed further to highlight the effect on the Asia-Pacific. The Sino-Soviet split (1960-1989) is arguably one of the most significant events of the Cold War. It was caused by a number of reasons. Conventional explanations see this split caused by a differing political agenda as well as a difference in view on the communist/Marxist theories.Show MoreRelatedThe Korean War Between North And South Korea986 Words   |  4 Pagesby the United States of America fought for the South, and China fought for the North, which was also assisted by the Soviet Union. The war arose from the division of Korea at the end of World War II and from the global tensions of the Cold War that developed immediately afterwards. 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The Significance of the Sino-Soviet Confrontation

Group A-Question 2: Discuss the significance of the Sino-Soviet confrontation of 1960s–1980s for the Cold War dynamics in the Asia-Pacific. The Sino-Soviet confrontation of the 1960’s-1980’s had a significant impact on the Cold War dynamics of the Asia-Pacific through a number of factors. This period was a significant time of the twentieth century. The two largest communist states of the world, the PRC (Peoples Republic of China), led by Mao Zedong and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), led by Nikita Khrushchev; ceased their strong ties through the Sino Soviet Split and then confrontation. A critical analysis of the Sino-Soviet split and confrontation will administer a greater understanding of the various alliances that formed around the Asia-Pacific region. This includes the alliance of SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organisation), as well those that formed during conflicts between the 1960’s and 1980’s. The two decades, in which the Sino-Soviet relationship was on a brink of a border war, was a time filled with many conflicts, of particular note, the Vietnam War. This conflict w as especially significant and will be discussed further to highlight the effect on the Asia-Pacific. The Sino-Soviet split (1960-1989) is arguably one of the most significant events of the Cold War. It was caused by a number of reasons. Conventional explanations see this split caused by a differing political agenda as well as a difference in view on the communist/Marxist theories.Show MoreRelatedThe Korean War Between North And South Korea986 Words   |  4 Pagesby the United States of America fought for the South, and China fought for the North, which was also assisted by the Soviet Union. The war arose from the division of Korea at the end of World War II and from the global tensions of the Cold War that developed immediately afterwards. Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and—by agreement with the United States—occupied Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forcesRead More International Relations of Asia Essay4776 Words   |  20 Pagesconcept of strategic geometry to e xplain the transition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One may even conceptualize pre -Cold War international relations in strategic geometric terms: the past is replete with instances of three-way interactions between Japan, China and the Soviet Union. According to Mandlebaum, the fate of the region has for the last two centuries depended ‘on the fate of three major powers--China, Japan and Russia, on the stability and tranquillity of their mutual relations. Hence we may presume thatRead MoreBOOK REVIEW ON Emergence of a new nation In a multipolar world: Bangladesh2796 Words   |  12 Pagesthrough the sacrifices has remained as a sacred and precious part in the history of Bangladesh. The nine month long a glorious war which was identified as a major land mark in the entire process of evaluation, analytical role of India, erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China constitute the central content of the work. Internal developments stimulating the rise and consolidation of nationalism are analytically discussed. The focus however is on the international setting of Bangladesh in a relativelyRead MoreChina s Influence On The Reunification Of The Korean Peninsula3732 Words   |  15 Pagesthe relations among China, North Korea, South Korea and the United States. How has China supported North Korea in past years? Starting from the Cold War Era, China has been one of the strongest allies with North Korea. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, China becomes the main contributor of North Korea’s economic aids and military and diplomatic supports. Due to its closed economy and three controversial nuclear tests, North Korea is increasingly isolated and becomes more dependent on China’sRead MoreThe Chinese Capitalist Essay2502 Words   |  11 Pagesinfluence† of these older Chinese students in France, Deng began to look deeply into Marxist thought. In 1921 he joined the Chinese Communist Youth League in Europe. Later, in 1924, he joined the Chinese Communist Party. In 1926 Deng traveled to the Soviet Union and studied at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University. As fate would have it, one of his classmates was Chiang Ching-kuo, none other than the son of Chiang Kai Shek. Now Deng, bestowed with a broad and international education, as well as a healthyRead MoreEssay about Kashmir Conflict4887 Words   |  20 PagesIndia have been ratified and accepted by the Kashmiri government, however conflict between the states has bred Islamic militants encouraging religious extremism. There have been three Indo-Paki wars, two of which are over Kashmir, which shows its significance to the citizens of India and Pakistan. Management of the conflict in Kashmir is pivotal since the parties involved possess nuclear capabilities. This paper aims to outline three conflict-management techniques employed in the Kashmiri conflict inRead MorePolitical Situation in Pakistan14875 Words   |  60 Pageswelter of confusion crystallization is taking shape. A growing body of people, with the younger generation at their head, believes that the old ways are no longer sufficient to surmount the problems of Pakistan. Each epoch has its own political significance; its own seismic pattern. This epoch, Political Situation in Pakistan Copyright  © www.bhutto.org 2 exciting and full of challenge, requires a fresh approach for building society anew on the finest aspirations of the entire population of PakistanRead MoreThe Political Landscape Of South Eastern Asia3561 Words   |  15 PagesKashmir conflict has been a function of Beijing’s attitudes with respect to India and Pakistan (Garver 2004, 3). â€Å"Chinese assistance to Pakistan seems specifically linked to addressing Pakistani vulnerabilities revealed during the 1999 and 2002 confrontations over Kashmir (Garver 2004, 11).†It is also important to mention that China turned out to be the major arms supplier to Pakistan after the United States imposed sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (16). This military collaboration alsoRead MoreSci Damath Andoroid Game9675 Words   |  39 PagesRepublic of China to remove perceived nuclear threat and to maximize its foreign policy interests, the issue of Taiwan in particular. The study is analogized from the playing of the boa rd-game of Chinese Checkers, because the dynamics of the Chinese-U.S.-Soviet interactions at both the strategic and tactical levels can be described, explicated, and interpreted from its rules, principles, and structures (including the game-board itself and overall power capabilities of each player). Thus, for example, powerRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestwentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly